Infectious parotitis definition of infectious parotitis. Natural cure for parotitis and alternative treatments. There is no evidence of an obstructing sialolith, although variable degrees of ductal ectasia are noted the left maxillary sinus is opacified, as is most of the left ethmoidal sinus asymmetric developmental enlargement of right submandibular. Usually start with fever, headache, muscle aches and tiredness. This pdf is available for free download from a site hosted by medknow publications. Acute parotitis is recent swelling of one or both of the salivary glands.
Mumps parotid swelling unilateral or bilateral mumps epidemic parotitis is a viral disease, caused by myxovirus parotitis. Chronicparotitis occurs with equal frequency in both sexes. The cause, although not definitively determined, is most likely multifactorial and includes decreased salivation, stasis and an ascending retrograde duct infection. Of all the salivary glands, the parotid gland is most commonly affected by an inflammatory process. Painful, swollen glands just below he ear are telltale sign of the mumps. The role of na in myxovirus induced cell fusion was addressed by huang.
Mumps usually affects children, but adults can also be affected by the mumps viruses. Chronic parotitis, or cp, is a nonspecific sialadenitis that often is seen first in the dental office. It usually affects 4 to 10 year olds and causes painful. It has negative polarity not directly coding rna genome of more than 15,000 bases. Infections of the parotid gland range from acute to severe. Molecular identification of mumps virus genotypes from clinical. Occasionally, however, the radiologist is asked to examine them usually in the setting of pain or swelling. It presents as bilateral or unilateral parotid swelling recurring at least twice before puberty with eventual termination in the second decade of life 1, 2. Myxovirus definition is any of a former family myxoviridae of singlestranded rna viruses that included the orthomyxoviruses and the paramyxoviruses. Ductal obstruction by calculi or tumor may predispose to suppuration. Recurrent parotitis may be the first manifestations of hiv infection or immune deficiency disease. Acute bacterial suppurative parotitis is caused most commonly by staphylococcus aureus and mixed oral aerobes andor anaerobes. Mc cause of epidemics only cause of pandemic 2 influenza b 3 influenza c.
Sialogogues, local heat, gentle massage of the gland from posterior to anterior, and hydration supply. The parotid glands are chiefly responsible for producing saliva which they then release into the mouth. Chow, in mandell, douglas, and bennetts principles and practice of infectious diseases eighth edition, 2015. Nowadays, vaccines are available to protect people from getting mumps. Since mumps virus is monotypic, vaccine from any strain should provide lifelong protection. You may not embed one of our images on your web page without a link back to our site. Paramyxovirus, in cludes the mammalian parainfluenza viruses, mumps virus and ndv. Etiologic investigation of sporadic cases of parotitis. Johns hopkins guide app for ios, iphone, ipad, and android included. Attachment of two myxoviruses to ciliated epithelial cells.
Cells infected with mumps virus were lysed by contact with. The parotid gland is the salivary gland most commonly affected by inflammation. Mumps is spread by airborne transmission with mucus or droplets from the nose or throat of an infected person, usually when a person coughs or sneezes. Parotitis is a topic covered in the johns hopkins abx guide. However, there are several factors which combine to make profit margins. Acute infection of the parotid gland can be caused by a variety of bacteria and viruses. Parotid gland anatomy parotid duct over maxillary second molar 2. It often occurs in the setting of debilitation, dehydration, and poor oral hygiene, particularly among elderly postoperative patients. Pathophysiology decreased salivary production or an impedance of its delivery. Mumps is diagnosed by a combination of symptoms and physical signs and laboratory confirmation of the virus, as not all cases develop characteristic parotitis and not all cases of parotitis are caused by mumps. Juvenile recurrent parotitis jrp is defined as parotid inflammation in young children of nonobstructive, nonsuppurative nature.
If you would like a large, unwatermarked image for your web page or. See your doctor if you have swelling or other symptoms in this part of your face, parotitis, parotitis causes, parotitis definition, parotitis. Acute parotitis associated with parainfluenza 3 virus. Two sublingual glands are under the floor of the mouth. Mumps is caused by the mumps virus myxovirus parotitis. Diagnosis and management of parotitis itzhak brook, md, msc \sb\of all the salivary glands, the parotid gland is most com monly affected by an inflammatory process. Caused by retrograde migration of oral bacteria into salivary ducts and parenchyma. Hsv endotheliitis is common in individuals who are immunocompromised and thorough history taking may elucidate prior or recurrent herpetic disease.
It usually affects 4 to 10 year olds and causes painful swelling of both parotid glands. Usually, the problem goes away by itself, but some cases require treatment. Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid glands, the major salivary glands located on either side of the face, in humans. Treatment of parotitis causes swelling in one or both of the parotid glands. However, the isolation of coxsackieviruses type a, echoviruses, choriomeningitis virus, and parainfluenza 1 virus from a few individuals with a clinically similar illness, who often relate a prior episode of mumps, suggests that other viruses may cause acute parotitis, albeit infrequently.
Inflammation of one or more of these glands is called parotitis, or parotiditis. Two submandibular glands are at the back of the mouth on both sides of the jaw. Mumps is a contagious viral illness that is largely preventable via vaccination. Laboratory testing for mumps in dubai, united arab emirates uae freiburg medical laboratory fml. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The patient reports progressive painful swelling of the gland and fever. Mumps virus commonly involves glandular structures, with lacrimal gland involvement being the most common ocular manifestation 21, 22.
Mumps parotitis is characterized by the rapid, painful swelling of one or both parotid glands within 2 to 3 weeks after exposure to the mumps virus. Infectious parotitis mumps 1 infectious parotitis mumps i. Among patients who had parotitis with influenza during the 20142015 influenza season, more than 80% had one respiratory symptom or more cough, sore throat, or runny nose. Morbidity is usually proportional to the initial disease. There are a number of causes, including viruses and bacteria. Parotitis most frequently is a complication of an underlying process. Meds cause systemic dehydration or decrease salivary flow. Viral parotitis mumps parotitis is characterized by the rapid, painful swelling of one or both parotid glands within 2 to 3 weeks after exposure to the mumps virus. Serious bacterial infection of parotid gland that occurs in patients with decreased salivary flow.
Treatment of parotitis, parotitis definition, causes, risk. May confirm diagnosis with mumps immunoglobulin igm and igg or pcr may also be needed by local health department for reporting testicular ultrasound if concern for orchitis lumbar puncture if concern for associated meningitis. Recurrent parotitis in children university of toronto t. Studies on the persistent infection with measles virus in hela cells. This is a result of swollen salivary glands under the ears on one or both sides, often referred to as parotitis. Treatment is by topical application of antifungal creams. It is the second most common disease of the salivary gland in children following mumps.
The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mumps are discussed here. These are two large salivary glands that sit inside each cheek over the jaw in front of each ear. Following parotitis infection children may suffer from long lasting neurological disturbances and difficulties in memory functions julkunen et al. All of the salivary glands empty saliva into the mouth through ducts that open at various locations in the mouth. Official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine. Swelling of the parotid salivary glands parotitis in front of and below the ears. Mumps is best known for the puffy cheeks and tender, swollen jaw that it causes. Bhattarai m, et al recurrent parotitis in children of the lack of such laboratory investigation facility, it was not done. Fact sheet mumps infectious parotitis what is mumps. Jrp was referred as the second most common salivary gland disease of childhood, after mumps in. Assessment of the disease process should differentiate local primary parotid infection from systemic infection when this gland is also involved as part of a generalized.
Typically, it begins with a few days of fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, and anorexia, followed by parotitis. Mumps pediatrics merck manuals professional edition. Evaluation and management of juvenile recurrent parotitis. Acute bacterial suppurative parotitis may occur when salivary stasis permits retrograde seeding of the stensens duct by a mixed oral flora. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The parotid glands are small exocrine glands located superficial and around the ramus of the jaw, which are rarely affected by diseases of any kind. A prodromal phase of preauricular pain, fever, chills, and headache may be present see chapter 159. It is interesting to point out that adult patients in the. Bilateral involvement is present in most instances. In this article, we will discuss about the various causes, risk factors, and certain facts about mumps. Axial and coronal series demonstrate a significantly enlarged, heterogeneously enhancing right parotid gland, compatible with severe right parotitis. Parotitis was an unusual manifestation and can be present in both kd and lupus 12. We dont know exactly how commonly parotitis occurs with.
Myxovirus definition of myxovirus by merriamwebster. The third case was initially diagnosed as sle, but eventually the clinical picture despite atypical. Pdf acute bilateral parotitis is a common clinical feature of various infectious and autoimmune, metabolic, and drugrelated conditions. For additional information on infectious parotitis mumps, see the epi manual ii. A method of incising parotid abscess without injury to the facial nerve distribution. Parotitis, acute and chronic 5minute clinical consult. Pdf parotitis cases due to measlesmumpsrubella vaccine. A manual search was carried out for all the sequences in genbank. Morbidity is generally proportional to the original disease.
Recurrent parotitis of childhood, or juvenile recurrent parotitis, is referred as repeated episodes of parotid gland inflammation that is nonobstructive and nonsuppurative. There are a number of causes, but the clinical picture remains broadly similar. Mumps is a viral illness caused by a paramyxovirus, a member of the rubulavirus family. Definition mumps virus mumps virus myxovirus parotitis. Mumps infectious parotitis is caused by the mumps virus. Responding to minor ailments nhs education for scotland. Abscess formation may also arise by contiguous infection or hematogenous seeding to the intraparotid or periparotid lymph nodes. Epidemic parotitis definition of epidemic parotitis by. The lesions commonly enlarge and merge to form confluent patches. Ferret airway epithelial cell cultures support efficient replication of influenza b virus but not mumps virus. Parotitis occurs with equal frequency in people of all races. Parotitis most regularly is a problem of an underlying process. So having parotitis doesnt automatically mean that you have mumps. A lot of episodes of chronic parotitis are treated symptomatically.
Mumps testing is also recommended for all patients with parotitis lasting. Other symptoms that might begin a few days before parotitis include. It is the most common cause of acute parotid swelling. The mumps virus is a virus belonging to the paramyxoviridae family and the rubulavirusgenus. All of the salivary glands empty saliva into the mouth.
370 1443 1158 193 1453 922 691 1095 739 141 146 1085 984 5 1261 569 545 1430 1079 1494 1491 274 145 1454 761 692 69 736 123 907